Getting started with GIS 

GIS in optimum site location   
Introduction

Optimum site location

Scenario

Criteria

Syllabus links

Demonstration exercise

Paper-based exercise

Related links

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Locating a new country park in the Isle of Purbeck Dorset

Introduction

This exercise has been designed to introduce the principles of GIS. It includes a demonstration and a paper-based exercise (under construction) to illustrate the use of GIS in optimum site location.  The material should help you to get started with GIS as a teaching tool.  The paper-based resources could be used as a class exercise whilst students could work through the demonstration on their own as an independent activity. 

Optimum site location

One of the key operations that a GIS is frequently used to perform is in the determining of an optimum site for a new facility. Such decisions are important because they impact directly on the successful operation of any new facility and on the management of natural resources. Most decisions of this kind are complex because they involve reference to numerous kinds of geographical data representing different variables and often gathered from different sources. The ability of a GIS to integrate disparate types of environmental data makes it a uniquely powerful to assist decision making of this kind.

In this exercise you will be introduced to the principles of GIS as applied to optimum site location. You can use the demonstration to work see how GIS has been used to solve the problem or work through the paper exercise to do it yourself.  The digital data may also be downloaded from this site.

Scenario

You have been appointed as a freelance environmental consultant by Dorset County Council to undertake a preliminary investigation into the possibility of developing a new country park in the Isle of Purbeck, Dorset. The Isle of Purbeck is an unspoilt region of attractive coastal and inland scenery on the south coast of England with a wide range of landscapes reflecting the variety of underlying rock types. It contains substantial areas of open chalk and limestone downland which possess floral and faunal characteristics of great scientific value. Dorset County Council are seeking to develop a country park in one of these areas in order to contribute to the task of wildlife conservation and also to provide a recreational facility for visitors to the area. Your brief is to use GIS techniques to identify a suitable location study region for this country park.

The park will include a protected conservation zone with restricted access, a picnic area and view point, signed walk and cycle tracks, a small interpretative area with a refreshment kiosk and an incorporated sports facility This latter element will include a mountain bike hire service an orienteering course and a dry ski slope. These services have been included in the proposal in order to generate revenue to support the other aspects of the country park initiative. Because of the inclusion of a dry ski slope the park needs to be developed on land that includes slopes in excess of 20 degrees. A total area of at least 30000 square metres in size will be required for all the elements in the plan.

A further consideration is that the site nears to be near to a major road in order to reduce the costs and environmental damage that would be associated with any new road construction. A maximum distance of 1km to an existing road has been set as a constraint by the County Council.

In summary, you must identify those parts of the Isle of Purbeck which meet the following criteria:

1. The site must be underlain by chalk or limestone bed-rock.

2. The site must possess a slope angle of at least 20 degrees.

3. The site must be open land (i.e. not currently used as woodland).

4. The site must be within one kilometre of a major road.

5. The site must be at less 30000 square meters in size.

Syllabus links

The site location exercise in the Isle of Purbeck relates to a number of themes in contemporary A-level Geography syllabuses.

For example, the Associated Examining Board's 0626 A-level Geography syllabus contains three themes within which the use of GIS for siting a country park could be effectively integrated:

  • Human modification of an ecosystem (Energy and Life)
  • Environmental impact of resource exploitation and management (Population Pressure and Resource Management)
  • Conflicts and issues associated with tourism and conservation (The Leisure Society)

Demonstration exercise

This will guide you through the stages involved in using GIS to solve the problem. 

Paper-based exercise (UNDER CONSTRUCTION)

A paper-based version of the exercise that can be printed and used with students as a class exercise.

Related links

The exercise was performed using the Geographical analysis software package, Idrisi.  This was developed by the Idrisi Project at Clark University, Massachusetts.   It provides a powerful set of GIS tools, suitable for use with students studying at A-level, and at reasonable cost.

For details of other GIS software products, see our Factsheet

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